• Scope 1: Direct emissions from company-owned sources (on-site fuel, company vehicles, industrial processes). • Scope 2: Indirect emissions from purchased electricity, heating, or cooling.

• Switch to low-carbon fuels or electrify machinery. • Optimise industrial processes and capture/reuse waste heat. • Transition company vehicles to electric or hybrid fleets. • Implement energy-efficient equipment upgrades in factories or facilities.

• Purchase renewable electricity. • Install on-site solar, wind, or heat pump systems. • Upgrade insulation, windows, and HVAC systems. • Use automation systems to control heating, cooling, and lighting based on occupancy and environmental conditions.

• Audit equipment to identify high-emission processes • Invest in low-carbon alternatives or process redesign • Capture and reuse waste heat or emissions where possible

• Switch to renewable energy through green tariffs or Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) • Install on-site solar, wind, or other low-carbon energy systems • Improve energy efficiency in buildings and operations

They typically make up a substantial portion of a company’s carbon footprint and are easier to reduce than Scope 3 emissions.

• Purchase renewable energy through Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) or green tariffs. • Install on-site solar, wind, or combined heat and power (CHP) systems. • Implement energy efficiency measures: LED lighting, smart meters, occupancy sensors, automation of manual processes and energy efficient appliances. Here at Northwave Engineering we specialise in low energy solutions and automation with the specific objective of improving energy efficiency.

Automation systems can: • Adjust heating, cooling, and lighting in real time based on occupancy and temperature • Optimise and redcue energy consumption during off-peak hours • Provide real time data to track performance and identify inefficiencies

Aside from installing low-carbon heating systems and upgrading insulation, there are several practical ways to boost energy efficiency: • Automated climate control: Use building automation systems to adjust heating and cooling based on occupancy and environmental conditions • Smart sensors and timers: Ensure lights, heating, and ventilation operate only when needed • Optimised HVAC operations: Regularly maintain and fine-tune heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems • Energy monitoring: Track consumption in real time to identify inefficiencies and opportunities for improvement These measures can reduce energy use, lower costs, and contribute to your Scope 2 emissions reductions.

• Implement real-time energy monitoring systems for buildings and operations • Benchmark energy consumption to identify areas of wast • Set measurable KPIs to drive accountability and continuous improvement